Swedish has plenty of ways to talk about plans. We plan dinners, meetings, trips, workouts, phone calls and small, ambitious projects that begin with the words “det vore kul att” (“it would be nice to…”). Then life happens. Someone gets ill. The train is delayed. It starts raining sideways. Nobody books a table. Everyone is tired. One person writes “vi hörs sen” (“speak later”), and suddenly three months have gone by. That is when Swedish particle verbs come to the r

Some Swedish words are so short they almost look like sounds. Nja. Tja. Jaha. They may seem unimportant, almost too small to bother explaining. But in everyday Swedish, they do a lot. They can show hesitation, lack of enthusiasm, surprise, acceptance, scepticism, or simply change the whole tone of a conversation. The tricky thing is that they do not just mean one thing. Their meaning often depends on tone of voice, facial expression and situation. The same word can soun